Happy 12th of July
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GC
The Ginger Prince
Joined: Dec 01, 2003
Posts: 21544
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 Posted:
July 12, 2005 - 09:26 AM |
 
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| Post subject: Happy 12th of July |
Having landed at Carrickfergus on 14 June 1690, King William marched south to engage the Jacobite army along the River Boyne on 1st July 1690.
The Field. As William advanced the Irish retreated before him so that by 30 June his army reached the top of a hill near the southern frontier of County Louth. In the valley beyond was the River Boyne marking the boundary of Louth and Meath. Down the Boyne at Oldbridge the river could be forded. William viewed the terrain and thought it suitable for a battle which should be short and conclusive.
The two kings had advantages over one another. James had the stronger position, but his troops appeared to be inferior in quality and quantity. He had about 30,000 men of which a third were very good French infantry and equally fine Irish cavalry.
William had 36,000 men of various nationalities and languages.
The Preparation. When William studied the enemy across the Boyne he agreed with his generals that they were not impressive to look at, but added, "They may be stronger than they look, but weak or strong, I will soon know all about them." The Irish recognised William and a marksman fired at him. When it struck the gun holster of Prince George of Hesse William cried, "The poor prince is killed." As he spoke a second shot tore his coat, grazed his shoulder and drew blood. When William slumped over the Irish thought that he had been killed. His men were shocked but quickly relieved when he said "There is no harm done, but the bullet came quite close enough." His injury did not prevent him spending nineteen hours in the saddle that day.
Having assured himself that his men were as ready for battle as he was he advised his officers that he intended to engage the enemy.
The Battle. The armies began to move at 4 a.m. on 1 July. William ordered his right wing, under the command of Meinhart Schomberg, a son of the old duke, to march to the bridge at Slane, a few miles up the river. The troops were to cross there, and to turn the left flank of the Irish army. James anticipated the move and dispatched Sir Neill O'Neill, nephew of Tyrconnell, with a regiment of dragoons to turn the Williamites back. But when O'Neill received a mortal wound his men fled to make clear the way for the forces of King William.
Lauzen, the French commander, feared that William's right wing would come up at the rear of James' forces, and decided to march with his French soldiers and Sarsfield's cavalry in the direction of Slane Bridge. This decision meant that the fords near Oldbridge were left to be defended only by the Irish foot soldiers. When the battle was joined they were easily defeated. Richard Hamilton put himself at the head of the cavalry and under his command they tried to change the course of the battle. Fighting desperately in the bed of the Boyne against Solmes' Blues they drove the Danish brigade back and successfully attacked the Hugenots.
Duke Schomberg, watching from the Northern bank, decided that the situation needed a general's intervention and though not wearing defensive armour he rode into the fray crying, "Come on, gentlemen, there are your persecutors." These were his last words, for after being circled by Irish cavalrymen, when they moved on he was found dead, killed by two sabre wounds on his head and a bullet in his neck.
King William arrived, where the battle was hottest, in his presence the tide was turned in his favour.
Lord Macaulay said of William, "One of the peculiarities of this man, ordinarily so saturnine and reserved, was that danger acted on him like wine, opened his heart, loosened his tongue, and took away all appearance of restraint from his manner. On this memorable day he was seen wherever the peril was greatest."
On the other hand James, with his reputation as a soldier, was so concerned for his own safety that he stayed well away from the heat of battle.
When he realised that he was defeated at the Boyne he deserted the scene of battle and made for Dublin with a bodyguard commanded by Sarsfield. He was followed by his troops who had suffered fewer losses than might have been expected. A reason for that was that William did not pursue them with the kind of enthusiasm and energy he had shown in war.
The losses of life at the Battle of the Boyne were much less than that of any battle of equal importance.
The Result. The Battle of the Boyne was the most famous of Irish battles, for it represented in the Europe of the day a signal success for the Grand Alliance against Louis XIV.
The drama of two kings fighting at an Irish river for an English throne was a sensation in itself. The fact that they represented the two major power groups in Europe, and were supported by international armies, gave the Boyne universal significance.
The flight of James and William's triumphal entry into Dublin had all the marks of an overwhelming victory.
With William's victory at the Boyne the fate of James was sealed. |
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GC
The Ginger Prince
Joined: Dec 01, 2003
Posts: 21544
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July 12, 2005 - 09:27 AM |
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William III and Mary II (1689-1702 AD)
Mary II, born in 1662, was the daughter of James II and Anne Hyde. She was married to William of Orange as a matter of Charles II's foreign policy; she and William had no children. Mary died of smallpox in 1694. William III (William of Orange), born in 1650, was the son of William, Prince of Orange, and Mary Stuart (daughter of Charles I). Husband and wife were also first cousins, both being a grandchild of Charles I. William, one of the most significant players on the continent, constantly strove to spread Protestantism and decrease the Catholic influence of France and Spain. He died in 1702 from complications after being thrown from his horse.
William and Mary began their marriage under duress. She was twelve years younger than he and found him repulsive. Although terribly homesick while living in Holland, she eventually came to love both the man and his country. William maintained a long-lasting affair with Elizabeth Villiers, one of Mary's ladies-in-waiting, which prompted Mary to be completely devoted and subservient to her husband. William's demeanor towards Mary seemed cold and indifferent on the surface, but his deep grief over her death indicated just how much he relied upon and respected her.
The inability of James II to work with Parliament, combined with his reckless Catholic appointments, brought both the political and religious spheres of the monarchy under fire again. The situation reached its climax in 1688. James established an alliance with Catholic France; arrested Archbishop Sancroft and six other bishops for failing to proclaim the Catholic faith; tampered with private property and historic rights; and produced a male heir after abandoning Anglicanism for Catholicism, which destroyed Parliament's hopes that the crown would pass to the Protestant children of James' first marriage. Parliament appealed to William of Orange, urging him to save England from a Catholic takeover. William gathered his forces and landed in England in November of 1688. William's professional troops and the welcome they received from the English landholders intimidated James. James was captured while fleeing from London, but William ensured him safe passage to France. James, feeling alone and realizing his lack of popular support, abdicated and accepted his exile in France. James made one attempt to regain the crown, but his French and Irish forces were soundly defeated at the Battle of Boyne and James returned to France to live the rest of his life in exile.
Parliament, although victorious in unseating James, was faced with a dilemma. They wanted the throne to be the sole possession of Mary, with William serving as Prince Consort, but Mary refused due to her self-imposed subservience to her husband. William was reluctant to accept the throne by means of conquest, preferring to be named king by Parliament through birthright. Parliament succumbed to the wishes of William and Mary, and the pair acceded as co-rulers. As the reign unfolded, however, Parliament's original plan became the reality of the situation. William was considerably more concerned with his holdings and the Protestant-Catholic conflicts on the continent, leaving Mary behind in England to rule. William and the English populace were conspicuously indifferent to each other, but Mary loved England and the English people loved her.
Whigs and Tories in Parliament, divided over the course of English commerce and Puritan-Anglican tensions, united in two goals: to maintain supremacy over the monarchy, and to forever eliminate Catholic influence in government. The character of the monarchy was altered evermore as oligarchic rule fueled parliamentary reform of government. The Bill of Rights, enacted in 1689, was more a bill of limitations: the use of royal and prerogative rights (the foundation of Tudor-Stuart authority) was forbidden, the king could only maintain a standing army with parliamentary consent, and an annual income of £600,000 was disbursed to the monarchs, with grants for specific purposes also appropriated by Parliament. The Mutiny Act ensured that Parliament would be prorogued every year by requiring parliamentary approval of the armed forces on a yearly basis. The Bank of England was established to deal with financing government. The Settlement Act of 1701 was the final act to fully establish the supremacy of Parliament. King William's War, a series of continental battles fought primarily to push Protestantism, had heavily taxed English economic resources; to retaliate, The Settlement Act forbid wars without Parliament's consent. The act forbid members of the House of Commons, as well as all non-indigenous people, from holding public office and subjected ministerial appointments to parliamentary approval. Judges were removed from royal punishment, as they had to now be formally impeached by the House of Parliament, with no royal pardon. As a final assertion of supremacy, Parliament was granted the right to name the succession; James' Catholic offspring with Mary of Modena were barred from the throne. The crown was to pass to the descendants of Sophia, granddaughter of James I and niece of Charles I, who had married into the German Protestant House of Hanover. Parliament had successfully forbid the accession of any more Catholic monarchs.
The reign of Mary II and William III marked the end of royal prerogative. Parliament, with the authority of the oligarchy, came into a position of prominence regarding the governing of England. William spent the greatest part of the reign embroiled in continental battles against Catholicism. Evelyn, in her Diary, made mention of Mary's lack of remorse concerning the abdication of her father, but Evelyn also accurately assessed the characters of the king and queen: "She seems to be of a good nature, and that she takes nothing to heart; whilst the Prince her husband has a thoughtful countenance, is wonderfully serious and silent, and seems to treat all persons alike gravely, and to be very intent on affairs: Holland, Ireland, and France calling for his care." |
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You turned on the lights, Fuelled U boats by night, That's how you repay us, It's time to go home. |
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bougie
Board Buddha
Joined: Nov 20, 2004
Posts: 13424
Location: Wuhan Hubei China
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July 12, 2005 - 09:30 AM |
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Why can't you just say happy 12th of July without writting all that stuff. It's hard work reading all that. All the same, happy 12th July |
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BaDaXianRen
Low Seater
Joined: July 11, 2004
Posts: 3298
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July 12, 2005 - 09:34 AM |
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July 12, 1974
Mrs. Xianren gives birth to little BaDaXianRen somewhere high in the Rocky Mountains. Incidentally she was also married to her first cousin. And so the legend of BDXR begins............................ |
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GC
The Ginger Prince
Joined: Dec 01, 2003
Posts: 21544
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July 12, 2005 - 09:37 AM |
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Happy Birthday BDXR(or is it still the 11th there) |
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You turned on the lights, Fuelled U boats by night, That's how you repay us, It's time to go home. |
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SirFiddler
Board Legend
Joined: Mar 30, 2004
Posts: 11504
Location: Very close to a bottle of chilled Boags
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July 12, 2005 - 09:42 AM |
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i read it twice now , most of it , but still dont get the why the 12th of July ? Battle ended then ? |
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Beer...Soooo much more than just breakfast www.justbeer.cn |
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commando
Board Royalty
Joined: July 07, 2004
Posts: 7117
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July 12, 2005 - 09:43 AM |
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| bougie wrote: |
| Why can't you just say happy 12th of July without writting all that stuff. It's hard work reading all that. All the same, happy 12th July |
I second that.
BTW never heard of 12 july celebrations.
What do you do, go out and find some scallywag to burn ?
Dance around burning swords and burn your naked bot bots under your kilts.
STILL GAME. |
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commando
Board Royalty
Joined: July 07, 2004
Posts: 7117
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July 12, 2005 - 09:45 AM |
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| SirFiddler wrote: |
| i read it twice now , most of it , but still dont get the why the 12th of July ? Battle ended then ? |
Nor does anyone else, they were alltoo shitfaced to remember.
Probably wasn't even a battle, Know what these Scots are like after a few whiskeys, turn a nursery ryhmm into a best selling movie they could. |
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SirFiddler
Board Legend
Joined: Mar 30, 2004
Posts: 11504
Location: Very close to a bottle of chilled Boags
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July 12, 2005 - 09:49 AM |
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plus they landed on the 14th and it took them 2 weeks to get to the battle site...too tight for a taxi ? scottish eh |
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Beer...Soooo much more than just breakfast www.justbeer.cn |
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Milka
Raver
Joined: Nov 05, 2004
Posts: 495
Status: Offline
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July 12, 2005 - 09:52 AM |
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Battle of the Boyne - took place on July 1, 1690 but as a consequense of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar the battle is now commemorated on July 12.
( according to Yahoo ) |
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Magnolia
Board Biatch
Joined: June 01, 2004
Posts: 31091
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July 12, 2005 - 09:56 AM |
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Happy Bday BDXR!
And Happy July 12th! |
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BOYCOTT BENSON SALON |
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GC
The Ginger Prince
Joined: Dec 01, 2003
Posts: 21544
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July 12, 2005 - 10:00 AM |
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| Milka wrote: |
Battle of the Boyne - took place on July 1, 1690 but as a consequense of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar the battle is now commemorated on July 12.
( according to Yahoo ) |
Shame our 'friends' could not work that one out! |
_________________
You turned on the lights, Fuelled U boats by night, That's how you repay us, It's time to go home. |
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GC
The Ginger Prince
Joined: Dec 01, 2003
Posts: 21544
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July 12, 2005 - 10:06 AM |
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| commando wrote: |
I second that.
BTW never heard of 12 july celebrations. |
It meant your glorious homeland was able to endorse the follwing!
Bill of Rights Act, 1689 – The Glorious Revolution
The Bill of Rights Act, 1689 is considered by many to be the third-greatest charter of English liberties after the Magna Carta, 1215 and the Petition of Right, 1628. Rather than dealing with protecting the rights of individuals and civil rights as we know them today, the Bill of Rights Act, 1689 mainly set out strict limits on the use of Royal prerogatives by the sovereign.
King James II
James II survived attempts to exclude him from the throne in the years before the death of his brother Charles II to become King in 1633. He was a man with much military experience, serving in the army of Louis XIV - he also participated in several bloody encounters while commanding the Royal Navy (1660-1673). He converted to Roman Catholicism in 1669.
In June 1685, he successfully put down a rebellion by the Duke of Monmouth1 who believed himself to be the rightful heir. The Duke was defeated at the Battle of Sedgemore, where he was captured. This revolt was supported by the Earl of Argyle who launched an attack in Scotland but was defeated and executed. Around the same time James prorogued (suspended) Parliament. During September The Bloody Assizes occurred. The Bloody Assizes were court sessions held after the defeat of Monmouth's Rebellion; Chief Justice George Jeffreys guaranteed that these would be forever known as 'Bloody'. Many of the leaders of the rebellion were able to escape punishment through bribery or favoritism, but up to 320 were executed. Most of those executed had pled guilty believing that they would be shown mercy. James II went on to suspend laws and the execution of laws - where they discriminated against Roman Catholics - without the consent of Parliament. He appointed Roman Catholics to senior positions in the Army, Navy, government, the legal system and the universities, all in breach of Acts of Parliament.
In 1688, seven bishops presented their petition to James against a Declaration of Indulgence, a proclamation by James II repealing all religious tests and penal laws that discriminated against Roman Catholics and which had to be read in churches. They were charged with seditious libel but were acquitted on 30 June, the day after the Lords Shewsbury, Devonshire, Danby, Crompton, Lumley and Edward Russell and Henry Sidney sent an appeal to William of Orange to intervene in order to protect English liberties, assuring him that he would be welcomed by 19 out of 20 Englishmen.
William and Mary
On November 15 that year, William's fleet arrived at Torbay and his army disembarked. It was up to ten days before most his supporters arrived to join his standard. James was quickly notified of William's landing, but the king was slow to respond, unaware that many of his Protestant army commanders2 were planning to switch allegiance to William. When James realised the support that William had, he fled to France.
The laws of succession were met by the assumption that, by his flight, James II had abdicated.
William of Orange and his wife Mary were jointly crowned King and Queen of England (Mary being the daughter of James II) in Westminster Abbey on 11 April, 1689, and, as part of their oaths, they had to swear that they would obey the laws of Parliament. The Bill of Rights was read to both William III and Mary II3. On hearing it, William is said to have replied: 'We thankfully accept what you have offered us'.
The Succession in Scotland and Ireland
There were three separate kingdoms at this point in history; England (and Wales), Scotland and Ireland that all shared the same sovereign. They would not be united politically until the Act of Union of 17074 and the Act of Union of 18015. The details of the resistance to the moves towards union are beyond the scope of this entry but a brief summary of the events that led to William and Mary succeeding James in Scotland and Ireland follows.
The Kingdom of Scotland
There was a brief rebellion against William and Mary by Viscount Dundee who rallied the clans and inflicted a defeat upon forces loyal to William and Mary at Killiecrankie in July, 1689. Viscount Dundee was killed while attaining victory, however, and nobody else could hold the clans together. The Scottish throne was offered jointly to William and Mary on the condition that they did away with Episcopacy in Scotland and instituted a Presbyterian Church order in its place.
The Kingdom of Ireland
After James had been in France for a few weeks, it came to his attention that there was one kingdom that was still loyal to him; Ireland. The majority of the population was Roman Catholic as was its governor the Earl of Tyrconnel, Richard Talbot.
James left France for Ireland in March 1689 accompanied by French military advisors and weapons. The army that Tyrconnel assembled for James, though large, was poorly equipped; it also lacked both discipline and equipment. James and his advisors spent the summer training the army. At an Irish Parliament in May the authority of the English Parliament was denied and over 2000 Protestants named in an 'Act of Attainder'6. At around the same time the siege of Protestant Derry by forces loyal to James failed7.
In August forces loyal to William under General Schomberg landed in Ulster where they were joined by William at the beginning of the following summer. 1 July, 1690, was a very hot day and, on that day, forces of James and William met in battle at Boyne - 30 miles north of Dublin. William took direct command of his troops and led them to an impressive victory8. James fell back to Duncannon and boarded a ship for France where he lived the rest of his life in exile, dying in 17019.
The Bill of Rights Act
The Bill of Rights Act, 1689 passed through Parliament after the coronation and, on 16 December, 1689, the King and Queen gave it Royal Assent, passing it into English law. Never again would English monarchs claim their power came from God as The Bill of Rights Act, 1689 represented the end of the concept of Divine Right of Kings, which was one of the issues over which the English Civil War had been fought. It also made kings and queens subject to laws passed by Parliament; this has been called the 'Glorious Revolution'.
The Bill of Rights Act, 1689 was part of a package of laws that reformed the English constitution at this time with the other two being the Toleration Act, 1689 - which promoted limited religious toleration - and the Triennial Act, 1694 - which prevented the King from dissolving Parliament at will and placed a legal requirement that general elections had to be held every three years10.
Key Points
In addition to listing the transgressions of James II the Bill of Rights Act, 1689 legislated on some very important issues:
It hath been found by experience that it is inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this protestant kingdom to be governed by a popish prince.
- Roman Catholics were barred from the throne by this Act.
That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal.
- The right of free petitioning was reinstated by the Act.
That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal.
- The Act places a prohibition against arbitrary suspension of Parliament's laws by the sovereign.
That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal.
- The Act limits the sovereigns' right to raise money through taxation, with the consent of Parliament being needed.
That election of members of Parliament ought to be free
- The Act guarantees the sovereign will not interfere in the free and fair elections of Members of Parliament.
That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Parliament.
- The Act guarantees the freedom of speech of Members of Parliament within parliamentary debates or proceedings (this means that MPs are free to say things that could be considered libellous or otherwise illegal while participating in parliamentary debates without fear of prosecution in the civil or criminal courts).
That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law.
- The Act makes it illegal for the sovereign to keep military forces within the kingdom in time of peace without consent of Parliament, which is one of the reasons the military is funded on an annual basis by parliament.
That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
- The act makes the imposition of excessive fines or cruel punishments illegal.
It should be noted that this Act is considered by many scholars to be the inspiration behind the United States of America's Bill of Rights11. |
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You turned on the lights, Fuelled U boats by night, That's how you repay us, It's time to go home. |
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SirFiddler
Board Legend
Joined: Mar 30, 2004
Posts: 11504
Location: Very close to a bottle of chilled Boags
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| Posted:
July 12, 2005 - 10:09 AM |
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| GC wrote: |
| Milka wrote: |
Battle of the Boyne - took place on July 1, 1690 but as a consequense of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar the battle is now commemorated on July 12.
( according to Yahoo ) |
Shame our 'friends' could not work that one out! |
yeah , everytime I hear and read about a historic event I go and check if it might be on another day actually because of the gregorian adoption whatsoever
christmas isnt' really on the 24th of december it's on the 15th of november... |
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Beer...Soooo much more than just breakfast www.justbeer.cn |
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commando
Board Royalty
Joined: July 07, 2004
Posts: 7117
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July 12, 2005 - 10:37 AM |
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Isn't it ?
So, is Father Christmas real ? |
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GC
The Ginger Prince
Joined: Dec 01, 2003
Posts: 21544
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July 12, 2005 - 10:40 AM |
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yeah he's real but it now looks like the came early, Mother Christmas will be pleased! |
_________________
You turned on the lights, Fuelled U boats by night, That's how you repay us, It's time to go home. |
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Milka
Raver
Joined: Nov 05, 2004
Posts: 495
Status: Offline
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July 12, 2005 - 10:47 AM |
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Yes he is and so is Erk ...  |
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GC
The Ginger Prince
Joined: Dec 01, 2003
Posts: 21544
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July 12, 2005 - 10:51 AM |
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LOL |
_________________
You turned on the lights, Fuelled U boats by night, That's how you repay us, It's time to go home. |
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DeeLphiC
Low Seater
Joined: Mar 11, 2005
Posts: 3333
Status: Offline
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July 12, 2005 - 12:47 PM |
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time to change the thread headline to "Haaaaapeeeeeee Boooooooozeday DBR" ... ! lol
生日快乐!
生日快乐!
生日快乐!
DaBianRen
D |
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